Breeding season: May–July, 1–2 broods per year. - Nest: a coarse, robust nest of grass, moss and mud, lined with dry grass; placed in a willow bush, under a rock overhang or in a crevice in scree slopes. - Eggs: 4–5, blue-green with red and brown markings; incubation 13–14 days. - Young: leave the nest after about 14 days, before they can fly properly; the parents feed the young for a further 2 weeks.